This parable - See the notes at Matthew 13:3.

They understood not ... - They did not understand the meaning or design of the illustration.

This parable spake Jesus unto them,.... To the Pharisees, who were with him, John 9:40;

but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them; the things spoken by him being delivered in a parabolical way, though in lively figures, and in terms plain and easy to be understood; yet what through the blindness of their minds, and the hardness of their hearts, and their prejudices in favour of themselves, and against Christ, they did not understand what were meant by them; see Matthew 13:13.

Parable (παροιμίαν)

The word occurs but once outside of John's writings (2 Peter 2:22). The usual word for parable is παραβολή, which is once rendered proverb in the A.V. (Luke 4:23, changed to parable by Rev.), and which occurs nowhere in John. For the distinction see on Matthew 13:3.

This {b} parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them.

(b) This word parable, which the evangelist uses here, signifies a hidden type of speech, when words are not used with their natural meaning, but are used to signify another thing to us.

10:6 This parable spoke Jesus to them. The Greek word paroimia rendered here parable is not so rendered elsewhere. It is rather a simile.

10:6 They - The Pharisees, to whom our Lord more immediately spake, as appears from the close of the foregoing chapter .

10:6-9 Many who hear the word of Christ, do not understand it, because they will not. But we shall find one scripture expounding another, and the blessed Spirit making known the blessed Jesus. Christ is the Door. And what greater security has the church of God than that the Lord Jesus is between it and all its enemies? He is a door open for passage and communication. Here are plain directions how to come into the fold; we must come in by Jesus Christ as the Door. By faith in him as the great Mediator between God and man. Also, we have precious promises to those that observe this direction. Christ has all that care of his church, and every believer, which a good shepherd has of his flock; and he expects the church, and every believer, to wait on him, and to keep in his pasture.